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0.5 McFarland turbidity standard is used to standardize the inoculum for performing antimicrobial susceptibility test. Before antibiotic disks are placed on Muller Hinton agar plate, the bacterial suspension should be matched with the turbidity of 0.5 McFarland turbidity are the organ of locomotion in bacteria. If bacteria do not possess flagella then they are non motile. For example, Klebsiella spp Shigella spp do not possess flagella hence they are nonmotile while those psoosessing flagella are Bacteria (especially gram negative Colony characteristics are observed after the primary isolation bacteria in solid culture medium. The appearance of bacterial colony on culture medium is usually characteristic and helps in preliminary identification. It is described under following headings: Size:. RAPID PLASMA REAGIN (RPR) TEST: PRINCIPLE, PROCEDURE, RESULT AND INTERPRETATION. INTRODUCTION : Rapid plasma reagin is commonly abbreviated as RPR. RPR test is a macroscopic, nontreponemal, flocculation test. It is a non-specific screening test for diagnosis of syphilis. Syphilis is a venereal disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum.  After Mycoplasma colonies can be identified by observing typical fried egg colonies on culture medium. Visualization is facilitated by application of Diene’s stain directly to the agar surface. Diene’s stain is a nonspecific stain that imparts a contrasting appearance to Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori are the causative agents of Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis). Microfilariae of these nematodes show nocturnal periodicity. They appear in peripheral blood at night time between 9 pm and 2 am. This Potas*ium hydroxide (KOH) mount is a very useful test for the laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection of tissues especially skin, hair and nails. KOH separates the fungal elements from intact cells as it digests the protein debris and dissolves cement substances that