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It is very common during pe*etration tests where domain administrator access has been achieved to extract the pas*word hashes of all the domain users for offline cracking and an*lysis. These hashes are stored in a database file in the domain controller (NTDS.DIT) with some additional information like group memberships and users. The NTDS.DIT file is constantly in use by the operating system and therefore cannot be copied directly to another location for extraction of information. This file can be found in the following Windows location: There are various techniques that can be used to extract this file or the information that is stored inside it however the majority of them Mimikatz has a feature (dcsync) which utilises the Directory Replication Service (DRS) to retrieve the pas*word hashes from the NTDS.DIT file. This technique eliminates the need to authenticate directly with the domain controller as it can be executed from any system that is part of the domain from the context of domain administrator. Therefore it is the standard technique for red teams as Alternatively executing Mimikatz directly in the domain controller pas*word hashes can be dumped via the lsas*.exe process. PowerShell Empire has two modules which can retrieve domain hashes via the DCSync attack. Both modules needs to be executed from the perspective of domain administrator and they are using Microsoft replication services. These modules rely on the INVOKE-MIMIKATZ PowerShell script in order to execute Mimikatz commands related to DCSync. The following module will extract the domain hashes to a format similar to the output of Metasploit HASHDUMP command. The DCSYNC module requires a user to be specified in order to extract all the account information. script can be used to automatically extract the required files: NTDS.DIT, SAM and SYSTEM. The files will be extracted into the current working directory or into any other folder that will specified. Alternatively the script can be executed from an existing Meterpreter session by loading the PowerShell extension.