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Wolf Country, facts, the senses observed

Information about wolf facts, pack members, prey, size, rank and senses

Wolf Country, the pack, body postures and social structure

Wolves will constantly demonstrate their rank. When two wolves in the pack meet the dominate wolf wait until the other submits

CommunicationBody PosturesWolves communicate not only by sound (such as yipping, growling, and howling), but also by body language. This ranges from subtle signals-such as a slight shift in weight-to the obvious, like rolling on the back as a sign of submission.Here are some other examples of Body postures:Dominance - A dominant wolf stands stiff legged and tall. The ears are erect and forward, and the hackles bristle slightly. Often the tail is held vertical and curled toward the back. This display shows the wolf's rank to all others in the pack. A dominant lupine may stare penetratingly at a submissive one, pin it to the ground, ride up on its shoulders, or even stand on its hind legs.Submission (active) - In active submission, the entire body is lowered, and the lips and ears are drawn back. Sometimes active submission is accompanied by a rapid thrusting out of the and lowering of the hindquarters. The tail is placed down, or halfway or fully between the legs, and the muzzle often points up to the more dominant . The back may be partially arched as the submissive wolf humbles itself to its superior. (A more arched back and more tucked tail indicate a greater level of submission.)Submission (p ive) - P ive submission is more intense than active submission. The wolf rolls on its back and exposes its vulnerable and underside. The paws are drawn into the body. This is often accompanied by whimpering.Anger - An angry lupine's ears are erect, and its fur bristles. The lips may curl up or pull back, and the incisors are displayed. The wolf may also snarl.Fear - A frightened wolf tries to make its body look small and therefore less conspicuous. The ears flatten down against the head, and the tail may be tucked between the legs, as with a submissive wolf. There may also be whimpering or barks of fear, and the wolf may arch its back.Defensive - A defensive wolf flattens its ears against its head.Aggression - An aggressive wolf snarls and its fur bristles. The wolf may crouch, ready to attack if necessary.Suspicion - Pulling back of the ears shows a lupine is suspicious. In addition, the wolf narrows its eyes. The tail of a wolf that senses danger points straight out, parallel to the ground.Relaxedness - A relaxed wolf's tail points straight down, and the wolf may rest sphinxlike or on its side. The wolf's tail may also wag. The further down the tail droops, the more relaxed the wolf is.Tension - An aroused wolf's tail points straight out, and the wolf may crouch as if ready to spring.Happiness - As dogs do, a lupine may wag its tail if it is in a joyful mood. The may loll out of the mouth.Hunting - A wolf that is hunting is tensed, and therefore the tail is horizontal and straight.Playfulness - A playful lupine holds its tail high and wags it. The wolf may frolic and dance around, or bow by placing the front of its body down to the ground, while holding the rear high, sometimes wagged. This is reminiscent of the playful behavior executed in domestic dogs.Communication through ScentWolves have a very good sense of smell Research shows wolves have been able to detect their pray at distances of up to 1.75 miles (3 kilometers), which they also use to communicate. Wolves mark their territory with urine and faeces. This is called scent marking. When outside wolves smell this, they know that an area is already occupied. Of course, their sense of smellalso tells them when food or enemies are near.(Above photograph ©Richard E. Flauto Wildlife Foundation)Communication through Sound - the wolf howlWolves howl for several reasons. Howling helps pack members keep in touch, allowing them to effectively communicate in thickly forested areas or over great distances. Furthermore, howling helps to summon pack members to a specific location. Howling can also serve as a declaration of territory, as portrayed by a dominant wolf's tendency to respond to a human imitation of a rival individual in an area that the wolf considers its own. This behavior is also stimulated when a pack has something to protect, such as a fresh kill. As a rule of thumb, large packs will more readily draw attention to themselves than will smaller packs. Adjacent packs may respond to each others' howls, which can mean trouble for the smaller of the two. Thus, wolves tend to howl with great care.Wolves will also howl for communal reasons. Some scientists speculate that such group sessions strengthen the wolves' social bonds and camaraderie -- similar to community singing among humans. During such choral sessions, wolves will howl at different tones and varying pitches, which tends to prevent a listener from accurately estimating the number of wolves involved. This concealment of numbers makes a listening rival pack wary of what action to take. For example, confrontation could mean bad news if the rival pack gravely underestimates the howling pack's numbers.Observations of wolf packs suggest that howling occurs most often during the twilight hours, preceding the s' departure to the hunt and following their return. Studies also show that wolves howl more frequently during the breeding season and subsequent rearing process. The pups themselves begin howling towards the end of July, and can be provoked into howling sessions relatively easily over the following two months. Such indiscriminate howling usually has a communicative intent, and has no adverse consequences so early in a wolf's life. Howling becomes less indiscriminate as wolves learn to distinguish howling pack members from rival wolves.Far across the tanana, a mile or two to the south of us, a group of wolves were singing. I call it singing, not howling, for that is what it was like. We could distinguish three, perhaps four voices - wavering, ascending in pitch, each one following the other, until they all broke off in a confused chorus. Their voices sank into distant echoes on the frozen river, and began again. A light and uncertain wind was blowing out there, and the sound grew and faded as the air brought it toward us or carried it away southward. It might have come across a thousand years of ice and wind-packed snow, traveling as the light of the stars from a source no longer there.John Haines; the stars, the snow, the fire (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); wolfcountry.netunless noted all Photographs ©Clipart.com Site built with Simple Responsive Template window.jQuery || do ent.write('x3C/script>') var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-39354467-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = do ent.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/ ascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == do ent.location.protocol ? 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Body PosturesWolves communicate not only by sound (such as yipping, growling, and howling), but also by body language. This ranges from subtle signals-such as a slight shift in weight-to the obvious, like rolling on the back as a sign of submission.Here are some other examples of Body postures:Dominance - A dominant wolf stands stiff legged and tall. The ears are erect and forward, and the hackles bristle slightly. Often the tail is held vertical and curled toward the back. This display shows the wolf's rank to all others in the pack. A dominant lupine may stare penetratingly at a submissive one, pin it to the ground, ride up on its shoulders, or even stand on its hind legs.Submission (active) - In active submission, the entire body is lowered, and the lips and ears are drawn back. Sometimes active submission is accompanied by a rapid thrusting out of the and lowering of the hindquarters. The tail is placed down, or halfway or fully between the legs, and the muzzle often points up to the more dominant . The back may be partially arched as the submissive wolf humbles itself to its superior. (A more arched back and more tucked tail indicate a greater level of submission.)Submission (p ive) - P ive submission is more intense than active submission. The wolf rolls on its back and exposes its vulnerable and underside. The paws are drawn into the body. This is often accompanied by whimpering.Anger - An angry lupine's ears are erect, and its fur bristles. The lips may curl up or pull back, and the incisors are displayed. The wolf may also snarl.Fear - A frightened wolf tries to make its body look small and therefore less conspicuous. The ears flatten down against the head, and the tail may be tucked between the legs, as with a submissive wolf. There may also be whimpering or barks of fear, and the wolf may arch its back.Defensive - A defensive wolf flattens its ears against its head.Aggression - An aggressive wolf snarls and its fur bristles. The wolf may crouch, ready to attack if necessary.Suspicion - Pulling back of the ears shows a lupine is suspicious. In addition, the wolf narrows its eyes. The tail of a wolf that senses danger points straight out, parallel to the ground.Relaxedness - A relaxed wolf's tail points straight down, and the wolf may rest sphinxlike or on its side. The wolf's tail may also wag. The further down the tail droops, the more relaxed the wolf is.Tension - An aroused wolf's tail points straight out, and the wolf may crouch as if ready to spring.Happiness - As dogs do, a lupine may wag its tail if it is in a joyful mood. The may loll out of the mouth.Hunting - A wolf that is hunting is tensed, and therefore the tail is horizontal and straight.Playfulness - A playful lupine holds its tail high and wags it. The wolf may frolic and dance around, or bow by placing the front of its body down to the ground, while holding the rear high, sometimes wagged. This is reminiscent of the playful behavior executed in domestic dogs.Communication through ScentWolves have a very good sense of smell Research shows wolves have been able to detect their pray at distances of up to 1.75 miles (3 kilometers), which they also use to communicate. Wolves mark their territory with urine and faeces. This is called scent marking. When outside wolves smell this, they know that an area is already occupied. Of course, their sense of smellalso tells them when food or enemies are near.(Above photograph ©Richard E. Flauto Wildlife Foundation)Communication through Sound - the wolf howlWolves howl for several reasons. Howling helps pack members keep in touch, allowing them to effectively communicate in thickly forested areas or over great distances. Furthermore, howling helps to summon pack members to a specific location. Howling can also serve as a declaration of territory, as portrayed by a dominant wolf's tendency to respond to a human imitation of a rival individual in an area that the wolf considers its own. This behavior is also stimulated when a pack has something to protect, such as a fresh kill. As a rule of thumb, large packs will more readily draw attention to themselves than will smaller packs. Adjacent packs may respond to each others' howls, which can mean trouble for the smaller of the two. Thus, wolves tend to howl with great care.Wolves will also howl for communal reasons. Some scientists speculate that such group sessions strengthen the wolves' social bonds and camaraderie -- similar to community singing among humans. During such choral sessions, wolves will howl at different tones and varying pitches, which tends to prevent a listener from accurately estimating the number of wolves involved. This concealment of numbers makes a listening rival pack wary of what action to take. For example, confrontation could mean bad news if the rival pack gravely underestimates the howling pack's numbers.Observations of wolf packs suggest that howling occurs most often during the twilight hours, preceding the s' departure to the hunt and following their return. Studies also show that wolves howl more frequently during the breeding season and subsequent rearing process. The pups themselves begin howling towards the end of July, and can be provoked into howling sessions relatively easily over the following two months. Such indiscriminate howling usually has a communicative intent, and has no adverse consequences so early in a wolf's life. Howling becomes less indiscriminate as wolves learn to distinguish howling pack members from rival wolves.Far across the tanana, a mile or two to the south of us, a group of wolves were singing. I call it singing, not howling, for that is what it was like. We could distinguish three, perhaps four voices - wavering, ascending in pitch, each one following the other, until they all broke off in a confused chorus. Their voices sank into distant echoes on the frozen river, and began again. A light and uncertain wind was blowing out there, and the sound grew and faded as the air brought it toward us or carried it away southward. It might have come across a thousand years of ice and wind-packed snow, traveling as the light of the stars from a source no longer there.John Haines; the stars, the snow, the fire (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); wolfcountry.netunless noted all Photographs ©Clipart.com Site built with Simple Responsive Template window.jQuery || do ent.write('x3C/script>') var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-39354467-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = do ent.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/ ascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == do ent.location.protocol ? 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Wolf Country, reproduction, bonding and mating

Wolf courtship and Reproduction, mating season can be anywhere from January to April, Usually only the alpha pair mate, but not always.

Breeding other than the alpha pair

Wolf Country, wolf pups and the pack

Wolf Pups are born completely blind and deaf, the pups depend on the their mother and other members of the pack.

Gestation Period

Stages of Development

Wolf Country, Wolf Dens and pups

In a normal den, the birthing chamber lies at the end of a tunnel that may be up to 15 feet long in soft soil. The den is often slightly elevated above the rest of the tunnel, and no den-lining material is used.